Richard Hess Interview
by Eddie Ciletti
october 2007

Richard Hess restores and archives vintage analog tapes and provides mastering services.

EC: Richard, how did you get into tape and machine restoration?

RH: I bought a Wollensak T-1616-4 while in fourth or fifth grade and I soon found out that you needed to spend as much money on the machine to keep it running as I had spent for the machine, so I got a Sams Photofact and learned how to take it apart and put it back together. In the 1970s, I had ReVox A77s and an Ampex 350/440 hybrid that I put together for field recording (the A77s won out) and I did all my own maintenance and alignment on them. I was working as an audio-video systems engineer at ABC-TV at the time and this was a side interest.

In 1997 or so, I started meeting some folk singers who were worried about their tape collections and I was worried about what I had so I purchased a used Sony APR-5003V and started doing transfers.

I was on the Los Angeles chapter board of the AES a couple of years later and asked Jim Wheeler to speak about tape degradation for the AES, as he and I had developed a mantra, "just because you can't play the tape doesn't mean it's trash." He then asked me if I could play some 30 cm reels at 30 in/s from the Jack Mullin/Bill Palmer collection and that was really the start.

I wrote an AES technical brief on the project http://www.aes.org/journal/suppmat/hess_2001_7.pdf

When NBC contacted me to transfer the Princess Diana interview tapes that Andrew Morton had used for his biography, I thought that this business could become interesting.  I went into the business full-time in the fall of 2004 with a move back to my wife's hometown of Aurora, Ontario, Canada.

EC: How long did it take you to get good at it?

RH: Years of work and study--and then doing other things and coming back to it after a 31-year career designing high-end broadcast facilities (with a two-year hiatus designing equipment for McCurdy Radio--how I originally got to Toronto).

EC: Did you get help from anyone (or any specific resources)?

RH: My mentor, Milton Gentsch, a neighbour who helped spark an interest in both photography and electronics was very patient with me as I was growing up. I was fortunate to have him share with me--he had no children of his own and was very generous with me.

EC: Who are the people (customers and other technically savvy folk) you really count on for their ears or technical skills?

RH: I have developed a network of other tape restoration professionals and we all help each other--and sometimes even send work to each other. My first contact is my good friend Don Ososke who is a musician first and who is often my "technical advisory board." I have many other restorers and engineers who I speak with on a regular basis, including: Peter Brothers, Parker Dinkens, Tom Fine, Jamie Howarth, Paul Kraus, Graham Newton, Doug Pomeroy, Steve Puntolillo, Art Shifrin, and Steve Smolian.

EC: Who are the technicians you really respect in our biz?

RH: This is a difficult question as I do almost all of my repair work myself. John French stands out as a head miracle worker and has crafted some wonderful custom head assemblies for me. He is an excellent machinist who understands what he is doing.

EC: What is the range of time you might spend on rescuing a tape or machine?

RH: Rescuing a machine can be a long process and it might be done in stages. I recently acquired four Studer A80RCs and while two of them are up and running, the bearing grease is getting old so I want to re-bearing the machines--there are 30 ball bearings in each machine!

With tape failures, the biggest challenge has been tapes that squeal that do not respond to baking. A year ago, I presented a paper at the AES in San Francisco where I indicated that cold playback of squealing tapes had promise and I had been able to successfully play some tapes on a machine in a refrigerator. Until this breakthrough, we had spent tens of hours trying to get some of these tapes to play. We could coax them through with wet playing, but it was not the right answer. I recall one hour-long tape where we played it in one-minute segments and then spliced it back together in the digital audio workstation!

The worst time consumers are tapes that are supplied in a ball in a box and we have to untangle them. I can do about 300-500 feet an hour and it's perhaps the most frustrating work. Mold cleaning takes at least a half hour per reel -- we don't do moldy cassettes at this point.

Usually, with proper preparation, we can get as good a transfer as possible--and then fix what we need to later in the digital audio workstation.

EC: Do you have a non-audio hobby or does it consume all of your time?

RH: My mentor introduced me to photography -- which was his business -- and electronics -- which was his hobby. Electronics became my business and photography is my hobby. http://gallery.richardhess.com/

EC: How many employees do you have?

RH: One -- me. My wife helps out with the mailings and picking up the incoming packages. She has primary responsibility for the kids and the house and the meals -- I don't know how she juggles it. I couldn't do this business without her support for all the other things.

EC: Do you have a pet peeve - something that really bugs you?

Oh, I have several:

  • tape manufacturers' lack of thorough study of tape aging
  • rim drive tape recorders
  • current-model microcassettes that come off their hubs
  • CSI for unrealistically raising expectations
  • people who don't break out the write-protect tabs on cassettes
EC: Are your customers patient?

RH: Very patient -- but I also let them know that this takes time and they understand. I try and take large projects on "safe" schedules because I don't want to turn down other clients while one huge project is in process. Besides, variety keeps this work interesting.

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